Sixty years to the development of China's Light steel structure

Sixty years to the development of China's Light steel structure including building steel structure, bridge, tower mast, containers and hydraulic structure in various fields. Now is only house steel structure describes the development of 60 years.

Sheng in the early stage (50 ~ 60 s last century)

New China in 1949, the newly established his devastated when steel output is very low, only 1.35 million tons per year (now more than 500 million tons). Steel structure construction only rely on the Soviet economic and technical assistance, the Soviet union built 156 heavy industrial plants, including metallurgy, heavy machinery, aircraft, automotive and other industrial, such as anshan steel, wuhan steel, dalian shipyard, Harbin aircraft manufacturing plant and so on. In a short span of few years, a lot of steel structure construction industry workshop(steel column, steel roof truss and the crane beam), trained a large number of talents in design, manufacture, installation, to lay a solid foundation for future development.

Low water stage (the 70 s and 1960 s)

This period requirements increases the state departments of steel structure, steel production was still not much, only 20 million tons per year, countries put forward the policy of saving steel, some one-sided understanding of no steel structure at the time, so fewer steel structure. From the country as a whole, also built a few large steel structure engineering. Due to save policies, steel plate rack project is widely used, especially successful research welded hollow spherical node, small and medium span across the country are welding ball node plate rack abound, meanwhile bolt ball node network frame are also introduced.

Stage of development (in the 80 s ~ 80 s)

This 20 years should be a prosperous period of the development of the steel structure, due to the steel structure have some unique advantages, has become the main structure in construction project, especially the rising steel production, in 1997 1997 tons, to the development of our steel structure created there is a condition. In 1998 our country has been able to produce rolling h-beam, steel structure provides a new steel series, the steel structure engineering development mainly has the following several aspects.

& ndash; & ndash; Single layerworkshopFrame structure. The larger steel, seamless steel pipe, thermal power plant, etc. Its characteristic has a large area (200000 square miles), column height (50 meters), column spacing (48 meters), even across multiple across (8), large crane lifting weight (450 tons), etc.

& ndash; & ndash; The spatial structure. Flat space truss has been widely used large stadium, exhibition center, shopping mall, airport, station, warehouse, factory, etc. In particular, most of the 1990 Asian games venues have adopted welded hollow spherical nodes flat rack. Libraries in the capital Beijing, 1996 (153 m + 153 m and 90 m deep), four pyramid three layer network frame welding ball node. That same year 150 hangar taeco & times; 70 MiJianCheng, using unbonded manual sola lever arch at the gate.

& ndash; & ndash; Net shell of several projects. In 1994, tianjin gymnasium (D = 1994 m) double-layer spherical reticulated shell; Changchun stadium in 1997 (191.8 m) 146 meters & times; heilongjiang HuaBingGuan double square steel pipe network shell, 1995 (86.2 m & times; 191.2 m) on both ends of the central cylinder reticulated shell hemisphere shell. 1995 sichuan panzhihua gymnasium adopt eight side petal type double-deck net nanning, span of 60 meters, several times with prestress. This is the first time at home several times with prestressed concrete engineering. Was built in 1998 the Shanghai international gymnastic center the main hall, adopt aluminum alloy spherical reticulated shell, 68 meters in diameter. Network frame and net shell has a corresponding design procedures.

& ndash; & ndash; Cable structure. The structure development is slow, only a handful of engineering use, such as shandong zibo stadium (54 meters), anhui stadium (53 m & times; 72 m), wuxi stadium (43 meters) 40 meters & times; and jilin BingQiuGuan adopting different cable network system.

& ndash; & ndash; Space structure and the arch and rigid frame combined system is composed of concrete development such as the Asian games in Beijing shijingshan gymnasium (triangle, the length 99.7 meters), etc., is a hybrid structural system.

& ndash; & ndash; Membrane and the membrane structure. Get certain development since the late 90 s, is still in the continually expanding role, is very promising. Such as built in Shanghai in 1998 and 1998 stadium grandstand is the relatively large size of cable membrane structures.

& ndash; & ndash; High-rise building steel structure. High-rise building steel structure started relatively late, in 1987 the first 165 meters of shenzhen development center mansion, later the jingguang center 208 meters, 325 meters in shenzhen diwang building, 1996, 1999, Shanghai jin MAO tower 420 meters; In recent years, built in the Shanghai world financial center.

& ndash; & ndash; Light steel structure. Light steel structure is developing very fast, especially the door frame, such as industrial factory buildings, warehouses, cold storage, greenhouse, hotels, villas and so on to get a large number of applications. Light steel structure housing also began to research and experimental project, is very promising. This period steel structure specification and revised in 74, to 88 specification.

Strong period (s) 2009 years ago

Nearly 10 years of rapid development of the steel structure project of that range is wide, is unprecedented, is the major country of steel structure. Steel output was 400 million tons in 2006, the highest in the world, this also for our developmentsteel structure engineeringHave created favorable conditions.

Traditional space structure such as grids, continue to be heavily promoted net shell, etc. New space structure began to widely used, such as Zhang Xianliang, chord truss string and dome, etc. Shanghai pudong airport, Harbin exhibition center, Shanghai exhibition center, guangdong exhibition center, etc are more than 100 m copies string truss, it is also rare in the world. Especially space structure is adopted for a few games, the expo is more big, such as: the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing new 37 venues, shandong jinan national games in 2009, the 2010 Shanghai world expo and guangzhou Asian games, the 2011 shenzhen universiade. Be worth what carry is the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing 12 new venues, it represents the skill level of the steel structure in our country. National stadium (bird's nest) (& times; 292 meters 292 meters, consists of a series of door frame along the inner ring of the large span of space structure, the steel consumption of 42000 tons; national swimming center (water cube) (170 m & times; 70 m & times; 29 meters, special-shaped polyhedron grid structure); the national stadium, 144.5 meters (114 meters & times; bidirectional zhang chord truss structure); laoshan bicycle pavilion (133 m double layer spherical reticulated shell), wukesong gymnasium (120 meters 120 meters & times; two-way orthogonal is put truss composed of rack); Beijing industrial university gymnasium (badminton gymnasium (105 m chord dome); China agricultural university gymnasium (wrestling) (90 meters 90 meters & times; the door frame structure); Beijing university gymnasium (table tennis) 64 meters (64 meters & times; by 32 common radiation of truss string net shell) and other projects.

Shandong jinan 2009 national games main stadium, gymnasium, swimming pool and tennis center, the whole buildings adopt & other; Throughout east Netherlands XiLiu &; Building modelling, reflect the local characteristics of jinan, specifically have a stadium with 122 meters in diameter chord dome, will become the biggest span in the country and even the world chord dome structure.

The Shanghai world expo venue is spectacular. Which one axis and four pavilions (China pavilion, the expo center, theme pavilions, performing arts center) permanent buildings are very distinctive. Hundreds of other represent different creative national pavilion, enterprise pavilion building is also very worth visiting.

Except a few games and the expo venues, of course, there are worth questioning: Shanghai world financial center, the new terminal building of Beijing capital international airport, Beijing south railway station, national centre for the performing arts, China central television (CCTV) new sites, Shanghai south railway station, Beijing new poly plaza, zhengzhou international conference and exhibition center and nantong stadium, guangzhou TV tower, west tower, a new theatre, museums, etc. Engineering due to these characteristics, it also produced many new technology in steel structure manufacture and installation. Also emerged a large number of advanced steel structure enterprise at the same time, the steel structure industry for the future development is very favorable.

About steel structure residence, during this period due to policy support, engineering technical personnel's efforts, has made great achievements, the construction of the pilot project, the publication of technical specification has been carried out, have the right conditions for further development. Steel structure specification in 1988 and was replaced by 2003 specification, this year 2003 steel specification is revised, updated version of the standard one, two years can be realized.

The steel structure development vision in the future

The above description can be expected steel structure development vision in the future. & other; 11th five-year plan & throughout; During planning, the ministry of railways plans to build 548 station in one hundred, steel structure, civil aviation administration to invest heavily in plans to build 175 large airport terminal, all over the country provinces and cities also have vigorously construction of sports venues and conference and exhibition center planning. Now is approaching & other; The 12th five-year & throughout; The start of the implementation of, I believe that the further development of the steel structure of the development of our country will be more.

Wuhan international exhibition center Steel structure warehouse of the main hallThe national third

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